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Research & Evidence

The Research Behind Our Formula

We believe you should be able to read the same research we used to develop our products. Here's what the science says — and what it doesn't.

An Oat Fiber Intervention for Reducing PFAS Body Burden: A Pilot Study in Male C57Bl/6J Mice

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · Volume 495 February 2025 (Epub December 6, 2024) Jennifer J. Schlezinger, Kushal Biswas, Audrey Garcia, Wendy J. Heiger-Bernays, Dhimiter Bello — Boston University & UMass Lowell
Beta Glucan

This peer-reviewed pilot study from Boston University tested whether oat beta glucan — a dietary fiber known to disrupt the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids — could reduce PFAS body burden.

PFAS are efficiently reabsorbed by intestinal transporter proteins, giving several PFAS compounds elimination half-lives on the order of years. The researchers hypothesized that beta glucan supplementation could interrupt this cycle by binding bile acids in the gut and accelerating PFAS elimination through fecal excretion.

The results generated support for this hypothesis, with lower serum PFAS concentration trends observed in the beta glucan group alongside healthful effects on lipid metabolism.

Read the full study on PubMed

Key Findings

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Reduced PFAS serum concentrations

Relative to overall exposure, beta glucan-fed mice showed lower serum concentration trends for PFHpA, PFOA, and PFOS — three of the most prevalent PFAS compounds.

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Lower adipose-to-body-weight ratios

Beta glucan-fed mice had lower adipose (fat) tissue relative to body weight, suggesting healthful effects on lipid metabolism beyond PFAS elimination.

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Reduced liver and gut triglycerides

Liver and jejunum triglyceride concentrations were lower in the beta glucan group, indicating support for healthy lipid homeostasis.

~8%

Early human pilot results

A related human pilot study by the same researchers documented an approximately 8% decrease in PFOS and PFOA after four weeks of fiber supplementation. Further human research is ongoing.

Methodology

Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed diets based on the "What We Eat in America" dietary analysis, supplemented with either inulin (control fiber) or oat beta glucan. Both groups were exposed to a seven-PFAS mixture through drinking water for six weeks.

The PFAS mixture included PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, Nafion Byproduct-2, PFHxS, and PFOS — compounds commonly found in contaminated water supplies.

One cohort was analyzed at the end of the six-week exposure period. A second cohort continued on the experimental diets for four additional weeks without further PFAS exposure, allowing researchers to measure the depuration (elimination) rate.

Outcomes measured included serum PFAS concentrations, adipose-to-body-weight ratios, liver and jejunum triglyceride concentrations, and hepatic gene expression markers (Cyp4a10, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11) to assess metabolic impacts.

Supporting Research

Beyond our lead study, we track published research relevant to each ingredient in our formula. Each callout highlights what matters for our formulation — read the full study for complete context.

PFAS Context Government Report

PFAS Exposure Reduction — Guidance on PFAS Exposure, Testing, and Clinical Follow-Up

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine — National Academies Press July 2022

Committee on the Guidance on PFAS Testing and Health Outcomes — National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Relevant to our formula

Establishes that PFAS biological half-lives of 2–8 years are driven by enterohepatic recirculation and renal reabsorption — the same recirculation pathway our lead study targets with beta glucan fiber supplementation.

This comprehensive government report from the National Academies provides the scientific foundation for why PFAS body burden persists for years and why interventions targeting the enterohepatic cycle are a logical therapeutic approach.

Read the full study
Chlorella Peer-Reviewed Study

Gastrointestinal Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds Using Cholestyramine and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

ISRN Toxicology September 2013

Stephen J. Genuis, Luke Curtis, Detlef Birkholz

Relevant to our formula

Directly tested Chlorella pyrenoidosa as an oral intervention for PFAS elimination in humans. While cholestyramine was effective at increasing fecal PFAS excretion, Chlorella alone did not significantly enhance PFC elimination — an important finding we share for full transparency.

This is a small preliminary study. We include it because transparency means sharing the full picture, including results that are not favorable to our ingredients. Our formulation includes Chlorella for its established nutritional and heavy-metal support properties, not as a standalone PFAS elimination agent.

Read the full study
Chlorella Peer-Reviewed Study

Long-Term Algae Extract (Chlorella and Fucus sp) and Aminosulphurate Supplementation Modulate SOD-1 Activity and Decrease Heavy Metals (Hg++, Sn) Levels in Patients

Antioxidants (Basel) · Volume 8, Issue 4 April 2019

José Joaquín Merino, José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, Adolfo Toledano Gasca, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz

Relevant to our formula

Demonstrated that 90 days of Chlorella supplementation in human patients decreased heavy metal levels (mercury, tin) and modulated SOD-1 antioxidant enzyme activity — supporting Chlorella's role in our formula for broad detoxification and antioxidant support.

This was a small pilot study (n=16 treatment, n=21 controls) in patients with dental amalgam fillings. While focused on heavy metals rather than PFAS, it provides human evidence for Chlorella's detoxification and antioxidant properties that complement our formula's approach.

Read the full study
Activated Charcoal Peer-Reviewed Study

Comparison of Activated Carbons for Removal of Perfluorinated Compounds From Drinking Water

Journal — American Water Works Association · Volume 110, No. 1 January 2018

James D. McNamara, Rocco Franco, Richard Mimna, Lynne Zappa

Relevant to our formula

Demonstrated that activated carbon effectively removed PFOA and PFOS from water to non-detectable levels — establishing the binding affinity between activated carbon and PFAS compounds that informs our inclusion of activated charcoal as a gastrointestinal adsorbent.

This study evaluated activated carbon in a water treatment context, not as an oral supplement. The demonstrated binding mechanism between activated carbon and PFAS compounds is relevant to understanding why activated charcoal is included in our gastrointestinal formula, though the delivery context differs.

Read the full study
Activated Charcoal Peer-Reviewed Study

PFAS Treatment with Granular Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange Resin: Comparing Chain Length, Empty Bed Contact Time, and Cost

Journal of Water Process Engineering · Volume 44 October 2021

Corey C. Murray, Ruth E. Marshall, Conner J. Liu, Hooman Vatankhah, Christopher L. Bellona

Relevant to our formula

Characterized how activated carbon adsorbs both long-chain and short-chain PFAS compounds, with effectiveness varying by PFAS chain length and functional group — supporting the mechanistic rationale for activated charcoal as a PFAS-binding agent in our formula.

A water treatment study comparing granular activated carbon and ion exchange resin. While the application context is municipal water, the adsorption mechanism data is relevant to understanding activated carbon's affinity for PFAS at a molecular level.

Read the full study
Activated Charcoal Review Article

Updated Review on Current Approaches and Challenges for Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances Removal Using Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbents

Journal of Water Process Engineering · Volume 64 June 2024

Siti Irma Mohd Jais, Ahmed El-Shafie, Cehn Ee Choong, Minhee Kim, Yeomin Yoon, Min Jang

Relevant to our formula

Comprehensive 2024 review confirming activated carbon as one of the most studied and effective adsorbents for PFAS removal, with dominant mechanisms including electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic binding — the same mechanisms relevant to gastrointestinal adsorption.

A review article summarizing the current state of activated carbon research for PFAS removal. Reviews synthesize findings across many studies and provide broader context, though they do not present new experimental data.

Read the full study

Our Approach to Transparency

We share this research because we believe in informed decision-making. Here's what you should know:

This was a preclinical pilot study conducted in a mouse model — not a human clinical trial. While the results are promising, findings from animal models need to be confirmed in human studies before definitive conclusions can be drawn about effects in people.

The same research team has begun a related human pilot study, which documented an early decrease in PFOS and PFOA after four weeks of fiber supplementation. Professor Schlezinger is now testing seven different fiber diets to determine the optimal approach. Further human research is underway.

We did not fund or conduct any of the studies listed on this page. Each was independently conducted and published in a peer-reviewed journal or government report. We will continue to update this page as new research becomes available.

Where a study found negative or null results for an ingredient, we include that too. Our commitment is to transparency — showing you exactly what the evidence supports and where more work is needed.

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* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

The information provided on this website is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement program. Blood test results are reported as raw values — Clarity Medical does not interpret test results or provide medical diagnoses.

Preclinical research references relate to studies conducted in laboratory and animal models. Results from preclinical studies do not guarantee the same outcomes in humans. Human clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.